Martin Luther s Jr And The Christian Believer Free

Martin Luther’s three major treaties were â€Å"attempts to persuade Pope Leo X and Roman Catholics that the theology of the Reformation was not a novelty in the faith, but a pure confession of the Word of God and consistent with the truth of the Holy Scriptures† Each one focused on various practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church that Martin Luther deemed were wrong. One of Martin Luther s three major treatises, On A Freedom of a Christian, reprimands the widely held Christian belief that good works justified our salvation. Martin Luther had hoped that his writings would educate and remind the people and religious officials that salvation stems from our faith. Faith should not be categorized as a virtue but rather a trust in God in which one builds when they encounter the trials and temptations in life. Therefore, it is the Gospel, the word of God, that sets the Christian believer free. However, this new insight had led people to believe that both faith and good w orks is necessary for justification. Martin Luther wanted to separate the truth from the false teachings. Therefore, Martin Luther explains that although the Christian is freed good works are still compulsory because it’s function is to help Christians discipline themselves in order to better serve the needs of their neighbor as long as they have the faith first in order for their works to be considered good and pleasing to God. The purpose of good works is not for the sake of justification but rather toShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1641 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail, there are lots of rhetorical strategies that he uses in response to the eight Alabama clergymen’s letter, A Call for Unity. The clergymen’s letter was criticising Dr. King’s civil rights demonstrations taking place in Alabama. The letter encouraged civil rights activists to negotiate instead of protesting and King’s letter responded arguing that it is necessary for them to take civil action and counters their claim by using ethos, asking rhetoricalRead MoreMartin Luther Kings I Have a Dream Speech1849 Words   |  8 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was born into a society that treated him inferior to white people just because he was African-American. As a bright young boy in a diminishing culture, his father reassured him that he was just as good as anyone else. He was determined to work hard, and demonstrate his equality regardless of race. He set out to be the best he could be and graduated high school at the early age of fifteen. Martin Luther King Jr. thenRead MoreEssay Life and Work of Martin Luther King Jr.2061 Words   |  9 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights activist from the 1950’s to 1968 with a strong religious background. A strong advocator for all minorities, King did all in his power to end barriers of community; poverty, racism and militarism. The principle he focused more on, however, was racism. King defined racism as prejudice, apartheid, ethnic conflict, anti-Semitism, sexism, colonialism, homophobia, ageism, or discrimination against disabled groups and stereotypes. Later turning his efforts toRead MoreBible Versus the Toran12356 Words   |  50 PagesPILLARS OF ISLAM COMPARED TO THE TEN PAGE 29 -34 COMMANDMENTS VIII. COMPARING THE LIFE OF TWO AFRO-AMERICANS (1) MALCOM X - ISLAMIC MUSLIM/QURAN PAGE 35-43 8 (2) MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. - CHRISTIAN/BIBLE PAGE 44-48 9 (3) BOTH MENS POLITICAL VIEWS ON VIOLENCE AND PAGE 49-56 CHANGE IN SOCIETY (4) THE STRONG CONNECTION BETWEEN BOTH MEN PAGE 57 (1) I amRead MoreTheology of the Book of Romans4654 Words   |  19 Pagesthe first seven chapters. Martin Luther wrote in his Commentary on Romans: The Gospel is called the power of God in contradistinction to the power of man. The latter is the (supposed) ability by which he, according to his carnal opinion, obtains salvation by his own strength, and performs the things which are of the flesh. But this ability God, by the cross of Christ, has utterly declared null and void, and now gives us His own power by which the spiritual – (the believer) – is empowered unto salvationRead MoreThe Influence of Martin Luther King Jr.3372 Words   |  14 PagesMartin had many influences throughout his life, many of which would shape his rhetoric, and the way he handled himself and those around him. Martin’s influences could be traced back to three things: his parents and home life, his education, and then his own personal experiences with racism. These three topics shaped Martin and his views on racism, and they were also what made him the most respected and the most admired Civil Rights Leader of his time. Martinâ€⠄¢s Parents and Home Life MartinRead MoreEssay about The Sixties3137 Words   |  13 Pages Hubert Humphrey once stated, â€Å"When we say, ‘One nation under God, with liberty and justice for all,’ we are talking about all people. We either ought to believe it or quit saying it† (Hakim 111). During the 1960’s, a great number of people did, in fact, begin to believe it. These years were a time of great change for America. The country was literally redefined as people from all walks of life fought to uphold their standards on what they believed a true democracy is made of; equal rights forRead MorePoverty and the American Dream4620 Words   |  19 Pagesmany Americans as not only an American pursuit, but also many Americans, most especially those citizens that identify themselves as Christians see this pursuit as a Christian right of passage. In the catechesis of Christian language the American dream has become synonymous with the being a Christian. In the minds of many Americans the American Dream is a Christian reward to faithfulness. The proliferation of the American dream through the vehicle of the â€Å"Prosperity Gospel† is a cause for theRead MoreNot The Final CHHII 665 Essay4221 Words   |  17 PagesJason J. Graffagnino, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of CHHI 665 – B04 History of Baptists by Elizabeth Linz Barthelemy March 6, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 The Baptist Origin 2-3 The First Baptists Believers in America 3-4 Significant Names of Baptist Leaders 4-5 The American Baptist Contribution to â€Å"Religious Liberty† 6-7 Rhode Island 7-8 Plymouth 9 Pennsylvania 10 The Baptist’s Struggle for â€Å"Religious Liberty† 10-12 ConclusionRead MoreThe, Death And Blind Sheep3005 Words   |  13 Pagessuccumb to the excruciating heat of hell? The God who tells me that He would, uphold you with my righteous right hand, (Isa 41:10) yet allow a non-believer who has been unable to meet him fail. What about my free will and does it exist? It makes me think of a Martin Luther King quote that says, The time is always right to do what is right. (King Jr.) Well Dr. King, But is this a true statement? These are the thoughts that come to mind when deciding to choose this topic and it should be noted that

Drug Addicted Babies - 2972 Words

Keelana Char English 155 Ms. Mendiola 19 September 2012 Drug Addicted Babies The use of illicit drugs and abuse of alcohol exact a steep price from our society. Substance abuse is a factor in many serious ills such as crime. More upsetting, however, is the affects that it has on children born affected from their dependent mothers. The National Institute on Drug Abuse estimates that 60 percent of women of childbearing age consume alcoholic beverages despite the fact that alcohol consumption during pregnancy is implicated in a wide range of birth defects and developmental disabilities, including mental retardation, physical abnormalities, and visual and auditory impairments. (Nevitt, 1996) Since most drug users are in the child bearing†¦show more content†¦Because lack of emotional stimulation and feedback can literally turn off the infant production of growth hormone, these cases are often the most severe. Severe non-organic failure to thrive is potentially fatal. Infant malnutrition develops starvation or overwhelming sepsis. Non -organic failure to thrive is associated with severe maternal depression or other serious mental illness, maternal substance abuse, or severe sociopathic personality disorder. (Van, 1977) Infants who were exposed to alcohol and/or drugs may exhibit this disorder, which is characterized by a loss of weight, or slowing of weight gain, and a failure to reach developmental milestones. This can be due to medical and/or environmental factors. The infant’s behavior includes poor sucking, difficulty in swallowing, and distractibility. Many of these children live in chronically dysfunctional families, which place them at greater risk of parental neglect. (Van, 1977) Within seventy-two hours after birth, many infants who were exposed prenatally to drugs experience withdrawal symptoms, including tremors and irritability. Their skin may be red and dry; they may have a fever, sweating, diarrhea, excessive vomiting, and even seizures. SuchShow MoreRelatedA Case With The Drug Addicted Babie s1836 Words   |  8 Pagesbut I’ve been praying for you for months. See, a few months ago my baby and I were seated next to the nicest woman at the hair salon and we ended up chatting for a couple of hours. She was overflowing with love for this little one that was still shaking with tremors from becoming addicted to drugs while in his mother’s womb. As she described him and the therapy and the fussiness and all of the appointments and care this tiny baby needed she spoke with such hope that all of this love and care wouldRead MoreBabies Born Addicted to Drugs and the Side Effects Essay2050 Words   |  9 PagesIn today’s society people are talking about babies being born to drugs, and how could a mother do that to their unborn child. Drug addiction is a very serious issue that needs more research. We are still learning the effects of substance abuse. One problem that needs to be looked at is are there enough Rehabilitation Centers, to help the women who ar e addicted to these different street drugs. Also doctor and nurses should not judge these women but instead give them the best prenatal care that canRead MoreShould All Pregnant Women Be Drug Tested? Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, drugs have been taking over more lives than we could have imagined. It seems that drugs have become more â€Å"popular†, even though they have been around us our whole lives. Kids starting at age 11 are now doing drugs, which is pretty upsetting knowing your little brother could be doing drugs without you even knowing. A more upsetting topic is babies being born addicted to drugs. A study has shown in 2004 seven babies in every 1000 were born addicted to drugs, by 2013 27 in every 1000 babies haveRead MoreTheu.s. Supreme Court Case1146 Words   |  5 Pagessays that eight million children have a parent that is addicted to substances as well. Now, most laws do protect the baby from a drug addicted mother, mainly in the event of a stillborn. While having a baby with brain damages and problems caused by the mother’s substance abuse, the mother will also suffer complications during childbirth (Sarah Blustain). Barry Lester found that 320,000 pregnant women suffer from alcoholism or the use of drugs. He views that their punishment is based on what societyRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The Body And Mind1271 Words   |  6 Pagesto their young to stay away of drugs because they are â€Å"bad† what they do not say is that drugs can become a serious addiction and cause serious complications. Drug abuse is a serious concern in today’s society; at this day and age just about anyone is doing or has been near drugs in their lifetime. People should be more educated on the subject of how drugs can seriously affect the body and mind. Addiction is often defined by continuing the compulsive nature of the drug use, they are ignoring the physicalRead Moredrugs use among pregnant women1462 Words   |  6 P ages Drugs and Pregnant Women Introduction Pregnancy among women drug users, is on the rise in the word today. According to The Universities of Michigan and Pittsburg (April 30, 2012), a baby is born addicted to drugs every hour. These babies are at high risk of experiencing birth defects and possibly growing up to be addicted to drugs as well. Most are born at a very low birth weight, usually under four pounds; which is also an ongoing problem as they grow. Drugs and LongRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion924 Words   |  4 Pagesdo so causes major defects on the babies and the mothers get no serious punishment for their actions. This issue is similar to the argument on whether abortion should be legal or not, because both situations can kill the baby while it’s still in the womb. Women who use drugs while pregnant should be tried for child abuse. First of all, taking drugs while pregnant can lead to irreversible birth defects or even death. It is said by the National Institute on Drug Abuse that smoking tobacco or marijuanaRead MoreYou Walk Into A Nicu1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthe halls it is quiet and warm. You continue passing rooms of isolettes and tiny babies. As you near the end of the hall you start to hear the shrill scream of an infant. You look in to see a newborn infant alone in a big room. The cry is one of pain and the baby is inconsolable. The infant’s skin is mottled, its reflexes are hyperactive, and it is breathing rapidly. You are looking at a baby that was born addicted to heroin. I experienced this over the summer while I was doing my externshipRead MoreDrug Addiction and Pregnancy783 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: DRUG ADDICTION AND PREGNANCY​1 Drug Addiction and Pregnancy University of South Florida September 15, 2012   Drug Addiction and Pregnancy After reading about various topics regarding drug addiction, it wasn’t easy to narrow down this topic. Drug addiction and pregnancy was the topic found to be most interesting. Estimates based on court documents, news accounts, and data collected by attorneys representing pregnant women indicate that at least 200 womenRead MoreUses and abuse of drugs983 Words   |  4 Pages37,000 people died from drug related overdoses.† Many people do not understand why or how other people become addicted to drugs. Substance abuse is a growing problem that not only affects the person who is abusing alcohol or drugs but also affects the lives of those who are close to the abuser. Substance abuse is the abuse of any substance. A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the body’s functions when it is consumed. It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles

Oil And Gas Industry Social Licence To Operate - Click to Get Sample

Question: What do you understand by the term social licence or social licence to operate in the context of the oil and gas industry? With reference to examples discuss how the concept of social licence to operate is significant for oil companies? Answer: Introduction Social license to operate (SLO) refers to the approval and acceptance level by stakeholders and local communities to accept the projects going on in an oil and gas industries (Black 2013). According to the recent trend of corporate social responsibilities oil and gas industries must need permissions from the government as well as from the society to conduct their mining projects. This report is focused on the operations of social license tool in oil and gas industries to manage their socio-political risks and challenges. Oil and gas industries recently face serious problems related to hydraulic fracturing; as a result oil and gas explorations are increasing day by day (Cotton, Rattle and Van Alstine 2014). Therefore, development of social license is a very vital aspect for company's long-term profit and good reputations. In the following sections, some specific areas will be identified to apply these social license policies. Social License in Oil and Gas Industry Oil and gas industries promised to older social and economic developments through capacity building and local contents, including providing education, energy, and technology transfer and job creation (Eccles and Serafeim 2013). With the support of local communities, these industries would be unable to precede their projects. Therefore, these industries are ready to adopt and maintain their social license policies with the approval of local communities and stakeholders to manage their social and environmental impacts. Through this social license, oil and gas industries create social values with additional activities (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). Now a day, most of the oil and gas companies engages the requirements of local contents into their regulatory frameworks. These conditions help to promote the brands of the organization to get the support from local communities and society. By the use of social license policies, companies can generate local strategies to achieve commercial as we ll as social benefits for the community as well as for the society (Esteves, Coyne and Moreno 2013). This social license operation engages community and social investment program which helps to build the positive and strong relationship with the local, national, regional stakeholders and enhance the opportunities for the community to get benefits from the oil and gas companies. Achieving and Granting Social License The social license is granted by operational process of industries and sites (Ford, Steen and Verreynne 2014). It can become so difficult to give the permission for the social license if the project of oil and gas industries has larger effects on the social, cultural and environmental resources. Figure 1: Social License Framework (Source: Henisz, Dorobantu and Nartey 2014, pp-1730) Since the last few years, researchers have been allowed to recognize the components of social license, which is comprised of social legitimacy, the credibility of the oil and gas project and absence or presence of trust. These elements are required to build the network of social license. The absence of legitimacy and credibility can reject a project. When a high level of trust between the employees and local community can be engaged in the oil and gas projects, the means of the social license can be justified. Social Legitimacy: This is based on the established social norms, which includes legal, cultural and social standards of the community. Oil and gas industries must understand and knows the community norms to work with the social requirements and approval (House 2013). In order to maintain this process, community members should be engaged in the project to provide effective decisions for future improvements. Credibility: Proper credibility can be created if the employees of the organization provide clear and true information to the local people and stakeholders about the projects, its effects and its impacts on the environment (Lacey and Lamont 2014). Credibility can be established and maintained with the use of formal agreement applications. These formal agreements are comprised of roles, responsibilities and rules of oil and gas companies are defined, negotiated and consolidated. The above framework of social license reduces the explosion risks generated from the oil and gas industries and manage the expectations of the local people. Trust: True trust can be occurred from shared experiences. Employees of the company, as well as the local community and stakeholders, should try to maintain a strong relationship between them (Lertzman, Garcia and Vredenburg 2013). The companies should always try to create greater opportunities for the local people beyond transactions to work together, collaborate and generate shared experience process so that companies will be able to grow towards large developments. Principles Necessary for SLO in Oil and Gas Industries In order to maintain and obtain social license operations, industries must build a strong relationship with the stakeholders. Some researchers recommend that oil and gas industries, mining companies, governments and local communities must undertake trilateral negotiation principles for the projects for better communication purposes (Maconachie and Hilson 2013). There is no such formula to maintain SLO, but some principles are needed to maintain strong relationships. Good relationships can be built on mutual respect, open communication, honesty, and disclosure of confidential information, engagement of stakeholders in the exploitation and exploration process of oil and gas industries (Noble et al. 2013). Oil and gas industries must be sensitive to the local norms, to create proper expectations, to develop fair resolution mechanisms. Security for Social License to Operate In today's low price gas and oil environment, security of social license is crucial for oil and gas companies. PWCs (Protecting License to Operate) strategies help to examine the internal and external obstacles and challenges faced by the companies and help to eliminate these problems forever. These obstacles occur from social obstacles such as local community resistance (Parsons, Lacey and Moffat 2014). Oil and gas industries are facing increased expectation from the customers to improve these problems for the good fare of the society. In order to maintain the security of SLO in oil and gas companies, the authorities of the organization must keep their commitments and promises and should respond to the communities' requests and concerns properly (Raufflet, Cruz and Bres 2014). Information and facts provided by the company should be understood by the stakeholders properly and communities engaged in the particular project must be treated as honest and responsible behaviors. Identification of the Areas to Use Social License Concept In order to use social license concept, shale development areas have been identified, which is facing challenges due to hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling processes. Shale development areas of oil and gas industries face threats and challenges from the local community due to the lack of legal license and social license (Small 2014). Local people and communities have addressed their concerns for the impacts generated from these shell resources such as increased noise, dust and air pollution (Williams and Walton 2013). Potential hazards such as personal health safety are consistent due to the technologies involved in this process. Figure 2: Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Developments (Source: Lopez et al. 2013, pp-190) From the above statistical graph it has been indentified that shale gas developments has marginal affects on the environmental resources. The pollutants and hazardous gases generated from this industry can leads to environmental pollutions, however, advanced tools and technologies used in this process can minimize the impacts at greater extent. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are two distinct technologies used in oil and gas industries for production and drilling operations. In horizontal drilling process, operator drills laterally by covering more surface area of shale resources (Mai et al. 2013). On the other hand, hydraulic fracturing allows the operator to inject sand, water, and chemical through a geologic formation process to make fractures in the rocks so that flow of gas and oil can be increased with low permeability. In this aspect, use of the social license in shale gas boom is vital, as its development is associated with the attention of regulators, industry, public and scholars. Theses shale resources are used to produce natural gas which is considered as the cleanest fuel energy in this growing world (Davidson et al. 2013). This natural gas has several uses in residents as well as in industries. Compared with other fuels it releases lesser harmful pollutants in the air and has fewer impacts on the environmental resources. But the production, drilling, exploration and consumption process of natural gas development are related with environmental footprint. From a survey, it has been discovered that drilling process and in the production of natural gas, groundwater became contaminated, air pollution is increased day by day due to the harmful release of methane and most importantly local communities are significantly affected (Bazilian et al. 2013). That is why it has become necessary to apply for social license at the grass root level of natural gas development-shale development. Therefore, the oil and gas companies, who want to develop their business with shale gas extraction project, must consider the social and environmental impacts for public acceptance (Arent et al. 2013). This social license is an advanced tool, by which companies will be able to manage socio-political threats and risks by enforcing some rules and principles suggested by their stakeholders. This will help to create a social contact with local communities to allow the gas development project and to continue it for social developments. While talking about this social license, it is very vital to identify appropriate and perfect stakeholders from whom this license can be earned (Ketilson et al. 2013). Stakeholders are a group of people who are affected or can create effects on the achievement of company's objectives. Therefore, oil and gas companies must consider this thing very carefully that in the evaluation process of social license involvement of proper stakeholders can create success or can fail a whole project. In the above section, conceptual elements of social license to operate have been drawn, and each of that has its significance in the oil and gas industries (Aitken et al. 2013). In order to achieve this license and potential supports from local communities and stakeholders, industries must establish three major rules which are credibility, legitimacy, and tru st. Legitimacy will help to spread awareness of this shale gas development process related to the local communities' concerns by following their local norms (official and unofficial), practices and customs (Poelzer et al. 2013). In order to establish this legitimacy process, oil and gas companies must present their legal status to inform the local people about the projects and its past success. Then they must approach the people to participate in the project to make proper plans and decisions for the company. The second rule is to establish credibility with honest promises and commitments. This can be achieved by providing authentic information about the gas development project to the consumers with transparent and consistent decision making process (Stern et al. 2014). A strong relationship cannot be built overnight; it needs trust. Credibility is the foundation of full trust, which contributes to drag more and more consumers towards their organizations. When people can easily trus t an organization that whatever, they are doing will be benefitted for the society and the humanity. Once, the oil and gas industry achieves trust from their local community people; their project will contribute to gain greater success on their projects beyond their imaginations. Figure 3: Measurement of Social License to Operate (Source: Bomberg et al. 2013, pp-8295) Based on the elements of the social license to operate, industries can achieve different levels of this process which comprises of acceptance, withdrawal, psychological identification and approval. However, psychological identification and approval of a gas development project are popular related with the evolution of license programs (Christopherson et al. 2014). Approval of shale gas boom development can be achieved if and only if Oil and Gas Company establishes both the credibility and legitimacy inside the organization. In this aspect, communities views will be prioritized first, which will help the industries to access the shale development resources with proper security and no risk is associated with the project (Goldstein et al. 2014). Psychological identification makes a strong relationship between the community and the authorities of the company to improve the projects for social as well as for environmental benefits. Conclusion Researchers and critiques have drawn an impactful conclusion from the assignment that social license to operate in oil and gas industries is very important to gain support from the local communities for achieving greater support. It is very vital to implement these kinds of rules in these industries because these organizations extract renewable and nonrenewable mineral resources for their gas development process, which has several issues related to depletion of natural resources and conservation of resources. Then, the explosion from these industries has greater potential risks to the humanity as well as to the society. Therefore, with the developments of proper credibility, legitimacy and trust with the stakeholders and local communities, these industries will be able to earn the social license in their organization for future developments of their projects as well as for greater potential opportunities for the organization as well. The rules and principles enforced by social licens e will relate internal risks with external expectations to achieve greater profit in future. References Black, L., 2013.The social licence to operate: your management framework for complex times. Do Sustainability. Cotton, M., Rattle, I. and Van Alstine, J., 2014. Shale gas policy in the United Kingdom: An argumentative discourse analysis.Energy Policy,73, pp.427-438. Eccles, R.G. and Serafeim, G., 2013. The performance frontier.Harvard business review,91(5), pp.50-60. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Esteves, A.M., Coyne, B. and Moreno, A., 2013. Local Content Initiatives: Enhancing the Sub-National Benefits of the Oil, Gas, and Mining Sectors.Rev. Watch Inst. Ford, J.A., Steen, J. and Verreynne, M.L., 2014. How environmental regulations affect innovation in the Australian oil and gas industry: going beyond the Porter Hypothesis.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.204-213. Henisz, W.J., Dorobantu, S. and Nartey, L.J., 2014. Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement.Strategic Management Journal,35(12), pp.1727-1748. House, E.J., 2013. Fractured fairytales: the failed social license for unconventional oil and gas development.Wyo. L. Rev.,13, p.5. Lacey, J. and Lamont, J., 2014. Using social contract to inform social licence to operate: an application in the Australian coal seam gas industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.831-839. Lertzman, D., Garcia, P. and Vredenburg, H., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in Latin Americas petroleum industry: a national oil companys strategy for sustainable development.International Journal of Business Innovation and Research,7(2), pp.185-208. Logan, J., Lopez, A., Mai, T., Davidson, C., Bazilian, M. and Arent, D., 2013. Natural gas scenarios in the US power sector.Energy Economics,40, pp.183-195. Maconachie, R. and Hilson, G., 2013. Editorial introduction: the extractive industries, community development and livelihood change in developing countries.Community Development Journal,48(3), pp.347-359. Noble, B., Ketilson, S., Aitken, A. and Poelzer, G., 2013. Strategic environmental assessment opportunities and risks for Arctic offshore energy planning and development.Marine Policy,39, pp.296-302. Parsons, R., Lacey, J. and Moffat, K., 2014. Maintaining legitimacy of a contested practice: how the minerals industry understands its social licence to operate.Resources Policy,41, pp.83-90. Raufflet, E., Cruz, L.B. and Bres, L., 2014. An assessment of corporate social responsibility practices in the mining and oil and gas industries.Journal of Cleaner production,84, pp.256-270. Small, M.J., Stern, P.C., Bomberg, E., Christopherson, S.M., Goldstein, B.D., Israel, A.L., Jackson, R.B., Krupnick, A., Mauter, M.S., Nash, J. and North, D.W., 2014. Risks and risk governance in unconventional shale gas development.Environmental science technology,48(15), pp.8289-8297. Williams, R. and Walton, A., 2013. The social licence to operate and coal seam gas development. A literature review report to the Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA). March 2013. Retrieved 30 March 201

Worldwide Palliative Care

Question: Disuss about the Worldwide Palliative Care. Answer: Introduction The task is about Vera Biggs. Vera is a 76-year-old woman who has been admitted to the facility to receive a palliative care. The patient has been admitted to the palliative care to seek for medical intervention for the painful experiences she is undergoing. 10 years ago, the patient was diagnosed with a breast cancer. Upon the diagnosis, the patient underwent an auxiliary clearance and right mastectomy. This is the intervention that she was given to help in addressing the case of breast cancer she had been experiencing. Later, she underwent a surgical operation called metastases to help in removing the traces of cancer in her breasts. Admission Details and Description of the Illness At the time of her admission to the palliative care, the patient was assessed to be having a complex condition. Her cancerous condition has resulted into a severe anorexia. Meaning, she does not eat well because of a serious loss of appetite. This has led to a great weight loss because of the lack of essential nutrients in the body. Moreover, the patient was observed to be undergoing pains. Cancer has compelled her to undergo many pains that of course make life quite difficult for her. Lastly, the condition has negatively impacted on the patients day-to-day routine. It has made her patient to be immobile. She does not have enough strength to freely move around and discharge her normal daily activities like bathing. This is one way through which the illness has limited the patients life. Nonetheless, the patient does not have anyone to adequately care for her. From the records, the patient has two family members who can be responsible for providing her with the necessary care. However, this has not been happening because of the numerous challenges at home. Her only daughter is not available because she lives far away from her. In fact, she has no time to attend to her paining mother because she is caring for her own disabled daughter. Besides, it is quite unfortunate that her 80-year-old husband with whom she lives is not capable of properly attending to her. In fact, he suffers from mild dementia and cannot drive. This leaves the patient with no option rather than seeking for palliative care at the hospice. Application of Principles of Palliative Care and Palliative Approach Veras condition necessitates the provision of palliative care. Palliative care simply refers to the type of medical attention provided to the patients and family members of the patients with life-threatening conditions. The patient should be admitted to a hospice to be given a palliative care. This is a good strategy that will enable her to deal with the pains and improve the quality of her life. A part from helping the patient to reduce the pains and suffering she undergoes, palliative care will play a significant role in reducing the trauma and agony experienced by the patients family members (Storch, Starzomski, Rodney 2013). Palliative care will be essential in addressing the advanced cancer condition because it can relieve all the pains t causes to the patient (van der Steen et al 2014). Life-threatening illness does not only affect the patient, but the close family members as well. So, after assessing the condition of the patient, ascertaining the severity of the illness and providing the most appropriate intervention, the family members should also be attended to as well (Alliance World Health Organization 2014). To do so, the patients family members should be provided with psychological and spiritual support (Hsu, Coleman, Ross, Johnson, Fishman, Larson Reid 2012). Meaning, they should be counseled and provided with the necessary encouragement to accept the situation and boldly face it even if it results into the death of their loved one. This implies that the care should not only be limited to the patient alone, but should be extended to her elderly husband and the daughter. When providing palliative care to the patient, the healthcare providers should ensure that they comply with all the principles of palliative care (Quill Abernethy 2013). First, the patient and the family members should be ready to affirm life and consider dying as a normal stage in human life. In other words, palliative care should be viewed as an important exercise not exclusively aimed at the prevention of death. Instead, everyone should acknowledge that death is a reality and cannot be escaped (Bodenheimer Berry-Millett 2009). The only reason why palliative care is provided is to help in the reduction of pain, improving the quality of life and making life much comfortable right before death. This is what should be done to Vera. Secondly, palliative care providers should be guided by the principle that it neither delays nor speeds death. When a patient is admitted to a hospice, the goal is not to hasten or postpone death. A palliative care patient is supposed to be attended to so as to help in minimizing the magnitude of pain experienced (Gomes, Calanzani Higginson 2014). Palliative care is provided on the basis that it comfortably comforts a patient to death. So, even if the condition of the patient is deteriorating, the healthcare provider should not fail to effectively discharge his or her duties (Badland, et al 2014. Any case of negligence can result into an earlier death of the patient. When attending to Vera, the palliative care providers should take all the necessary measures to improve the quality of her life without unnecessarily delaying or hastening her death. The other principle to be applied while proving care to a patient with death-threatening condition is that palliative care should be provided with the goal of relieving the patient from pain and all the other distressing symptoms associated with the condition. When admitted to the hospice, Vera was in great pains. Her cancerous condition had subjected her to lots of sufferings. Therefore, what the palliative care providers should do to her is to ensure that all the pains experienced are eradicated (Ludman Von Korff 2012). To do so, the providers are supposed to take time to immediately assess her conditions to determine the level of pains before taking the necessary measures to provide her with the drugs, treatment s or any other appropriate intervention. Moreover, palliative care should be guided by the principle that it integrates the application of spiritual and psychological interventions. Matters related to death are quite metaphysical and can be best addressed by incorporating the element of spirituality. One of the ways of encouraging the patient to accept their condition is to let them know about the reality of death. In this regard, Veras intervention should not only be restricted to medication, but should be extended to cover psychological and spiritual therapy in line with her religious beliefs (Di Cesare, et al 2013). Such religious and psychological therapies should also be given to Veras family members. It can give them hope and eliminate any psychological distress associated with the end-of-life illness or an eventual death of their loved one. Lastly, palliative care should be based on the principle of activity. Meaning, it should be offered to the patients to support the patient to lead an active life up to the death point. Usually, end-of-life illnesses such as cancer hinder individuals from leading a normal active life. Many such patients are always inactive because the diseases render them unable to do normal activities like walking, talking, bathing and eating (Zimmermann et al 2014). One of the effects of palliative care to Vera is activity. If she gets the services required, Vera should be empowered to be an active individual who can walk and engage in daily activities like bathing (Stajduhar 2011). Should this happen, Vera would be helped to overcome the challenges that limit her from engaging in her normal routine. Social Support during Palliative Care Palliative care is a complex exercise that requires the contribution of different players. It is an interdisciplinary activity that requires the cooperation between different experts including doctors, palliative care specialists, general practitioners, general nurses, specialist nurses, personal care attendants, and allied healthcare professionals including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, social workers, psychologists, speech pathologists, dieticians, pharmacists, and spiritual advisers (Wright, Zhang, Keating, Weeks Prigerson 2014). Each of these professionals should cooperate with one another and work towards relieving the pain and sufferings experienced by the patient. At the same time, they should provide all the necessary psychological support to the family members and other carers (Katon, et al 2013). When doing all these, the palliative care providers should not fail to incorporate the use of patient-centered approach. This is a good strategy that will enable the patient and family members to receive holistic and satisfying services. The palliative care providers are expected to involve the patient and family members in the decision-making process. However, while doing all these, the patients autonomy, value and dignity should be upheld (Austin 2011). When this is done, the patients opinion would be sought and respected without any violation. So, since Vera said that she does not want to be resuscitated, all her care providers must respect her wish as long as it meets the required threshold. The patients life-limiting illness has negatively impacted on her and her family members. As a patient, Vera has had to endure a lot of pain. Besides, her normal life has been interrupted because of the limitations imposed on her by the illness. Although her family members do not personally undergo the painful experiences, they are psychologically affected by the illness of their loved one (Pratt Wood 2015). For this reason, all of them should be adequately attended to by the palliative care providers. While the patient should be given appropriate medical intervention, the family members should acquire counseling services from amongst other specialists, spiritual advisers, bereavement counselors, and social workers (Donato Segal 2013). So far, the syringe driver and sub-coetaneous morphine interventions recommended by the doctor are suitable for the patient and should not be changed. They can be instrumental in relieving the patients pains. Conclusion Palliative care is a noble approach that is so important to the life-limiting patients as well as their family members. Since Vera has been diagnosed with breast cancer, she deserves to be taken to a hospice to be given a palliative care. From her medical history, it is evident that the patient has been receiving medical attention for her cancerous conditions. However, the fact that she does not have reliable family members to care for her at home, she should remain in a healthcare facility to be attended to. However, to deliver quality and satisfactory palliative care to her, the care providers should adopt a palliative approach confined within the tenets of patient-centered care as well as interdisciplinary collaboration. This is the only way through which the patient and her family can receive adequate support to endure the painful experiences they are going through. References Alliance, W.P., World Health Organization, 2014, Global atlas of palliative care at the end of life. Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance: Lndon. Austin, W, 2011, The incommensurability of nursing as a practice and the customer service model: An evolutionary threat to the discipline. Nursing Philosophy, 12, 158-166. Badland, H., et al., 2014, Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social Science Medicine, 111, 64-73. Badland, H., et al., 2014, Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social Science Medicine, 111, 64-73. Bodenheimer, T., Berry-Millett, R., 2009, Care management of patients with complex health care needs, the Synthesis Project. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Di Cesare, M., et al., 2013, Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet, 381(9866), 585-597. Donato, R. Segal, L. 2013, Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Fairman, J. A., Rowe, J. W., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D., 2011, Broadening the scope of nursing practice. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(3), 193-196. Gomes, B., Calanzani, N. Higginson, I.J., 2014, Benefits and costs of home palliative care compared with usual care for patients with advanced illness and their family caregivers. Jama, 311(10), pp.1060-1061. Hsu, C., Coleman, K., Ross, T.R., Johnson, E., Fishman, P.A., Larson, E.B., Reid, R.J., 2012, Spreading a patient-centered medical home redesign: A case study. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 35(2), 99-108. Katon, W.J., et al., 2013, Collaborative care for patients with depression and chronic illnesses. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(27), 2611-2620. Ludman, E. Von Korff, M., 2012, Cost-effectiveness of a multicondition collaborative care intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(5), 506-514. Pratt, M Wood, M. eds., 2015, Art therapy in palliative care: The creative response. Routledge: New York. Quill, T.E. Abernethy, A.P., 2013, Generalist plus specialist palliative carecreating a more sustainable model. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(13), pp.1173-1175. Stajduhar, KI, 2011, Chronic illness, palliative care, and the problematic nature of dying. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 43(3), 7-15. Storch, J., Starzomski, R., Rodney, P., 2013, Re-framing end of life decision making. In J. Storch, P. Rodney, R. Starzomski (Eds.). Toward a moral horizon: Nursing ethics for leadership and practice (2nd ed., pp. 333-357). Toronto: Pearson-Prentice Hall. van der Steen, J.T., et al., 2014, White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: a Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care. Palliative medicine, 28(3), pp.197-209. Wright, A.A., Zhang, B., Keating, N.L., Weeks, J.C. Prigerson, H.G., 2014. Associations between palliative chemotherapy and adult cancer patients end of life care and place of death: prospective cohort study. BMJ, 348, p.g1219. Zimmermann, C., et al., 2014, Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 383(9930), pp.1721-1730.