Dissociative Identity Disorder Essays (918 words) -

Dissociative Identity Disorder Max Denis April 28, 2000 From the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, dissociative identity disorder (DID) is recognized as the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the behavior. There is an inability to recall important personal information, the extent of which is too great to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness (1994). It is a kind of amnesia that repressed all the traumatic memories most of the time lived during childhood. The most frequent traumatisms that cause this disorder are the sexual abuse. The alter personalities are created to cope with intolerable abuse. They are characterized as sometimes having different age and gender. Some alters may be right-handed, others left-handed. Some alters may need different prescription glasses, have a specific food allergies, or show different responses to alcohol or medications (cited in the Wolrd of Psychology, Putnam et al.1986). The DIDSome of them could be really violent and i nflict self-mutilation. Problems sometimes occur in the diagnosis of the disorder. There are psychologists who incorrectly diagnosed the patients as depressed, epileptic or schizophrenic. These persons' therapies are not efficient so their lives continue on as before, unchanged. There are different treatments that have been created to heal the DID. The treatment used by Colin A. Ross relates a therapy which consists in current techniques that are used by many psychotherapists to cope with DID as the cognitive and the psychodynamic therapy. The therapy instored to treat the DID is divided in four stages. The first step of the theory consists on establishing rules and limits to create a specific relationship between the therapist and the client. The therapist must placed himself in a neutral position, he acts only as a consultant to avoid to become emotionaly involved in the therapy. This kind of therapy should be no longer than three hours a week, therapies that have a length than five hours a week and more are likely to be regressive and to increase dependency on the therapist. The purpose of the fist stage is also to evaluate if the client has another disorder and treat this before beginning the therapy. A client who has another disorder at the same time could be unable to progress in the treatment and succeed in his/her healing process. An example of this disorder could be a dependency to drugs or alcohol, an eating disorder or merely a depression. The second stage of the treatment is the most difficult one. The middle phase involves establishing interpersonality communication and cooperation, negotiating adaptive solutions to system problems, correcting cognitive errors, processing traumatic memories, and devising nondissociative coping strategies (Colin A. Ross, 1995). The essential of this phase consists of a rational, adult conversation. The patient has to recognize that he/she has more than one personality and what is the cause of having this disorder. It is conducted in a problem-soving mode, involving cognitive and psychodynamic techniques. Cognitive therapies assume that maladaptive behaviour can result from irrational thoughts, beliefs, and ideas, which the therapist tries to change (Wood, Wood, Wood & Desmarais, 1999). The cognitive therapy emphasises on present behaviors rather than what happened in the past as the psychodynamic therapy does. It is also based on the consciousness as opposed to the analysis of the unc onscious and repressed memories. The psychodynamic therapy is also well explained by Wood, Wood, Wood it has not been proved that any medication had a stabilizing effect. The next stage of the therapy is named the postintegration. This phase involves learning to cope with the loneliness, innability to "switch" when stress becomes

Free Essays on Drug Use

â€Å"Drug addiction is a state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and to society, produced by the repeated consumption of a drug (natural or synthetic)† (Szasz, 328). Since drug addiction is so detrimental to society, why would the legalization of drugs be a good idea? The legalization of drugs would only be benefiting those who are addicted, or it would only encourage new users and addicts. John Hospers thinks that drug use should be legalized as long as there is no great harm to others as a cause. Drugs cannot be used without the consequences of harming others, possibly hurting children and prompting their drug use, or recruiting new users to a certain kind of drug, and therefore, should not be legalized. John Hospers’ position states that all drugs should be legalized as long as there is an age limit on who can buy and receive these drugs. He believes there should be no laws at all against the use of the drugs, meaning that there is no limit to how much of the drug can be taken as long as the use of the drug does not harm anyone else. There are harms related to the illegality of drugs, such as crime, but â€Å"no one knows how much they would be reduced if drugs were legalized† (Wilson, 339). A great amount of money is involved also. In order for law enforcement to continue this war on drugs, billions of dollars must be spent each year. This is a large amount of money, but using this money in order to crack down on drug use is only to protect society. There are a few reasons why drug legalization could be a decent idea, but the harms that would result are too great, and therefore, John Hospers’ view about legalizing drugs does not hold strong. It is not possible to use a drug without posing a threat to others. Even if the person taking the drug does not intend for anything to happen, he or she may indirectly harm anyone he or she may come into contact with. Drugs have negative effects... Free Essays on Drug Use Free Essays on Drug Use â€Å"Drug addiction is a state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and to society, produced by the repeated consumption of a drug (natural or synthetic)† (Szasz, 328). Since drug addiction is so detrimental to society, why would the legalization of drugs be a good idea? The legalization of drugs would only be benefiting those who are addicted, or it would only encourage new users and addicts. John Hospers thinks that drug use should be legalized as long as there is no great harm to others as a cause. Drugs cannot be used without the consequences of harming others, possibly hurting children and prompting their drug use, or recruiting new users to a certain kind of drug, and therefore, should not be legalized. John Hospers’ position states that all drugs should be legalized as long as there is an age limit on who can buy and receive these drugs. He believes there should be no laws at all against the use of the drugs, meaning that there is no limit to how much of the drug can be taken as long as the use of the drug does not harm anyone else. There are harms related to the illegality of drugs, such as crime, but â€Å"no one knows how much they would be reduced if drugs were legalized† (Wilson, 339). A great amount of money is involved also. In order for law enforcement to continue this war on drugs, billions of dollars must be spent each year. This is a large amount of money, but using this money in order to crack down on drug use is only to protect society. There are a few reasons why drug legalization could be a decent idea, but the harms that would result are too great, and therefore, John Hospers’ view about legalizing drugs does not hold strong. It is not possible to use a drug without posing a threat to others. Even if the person taking the drug does not intend for anything to happen, he or she may indirectly harm anyone he or she may come into contact with. Drugs have negative effects...

Barriers to Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Barriers to Literacy - Essay Example Over the years different legislations have been passed by government to facilitate the literacy and learning environment but at times these laws become a barrier as laws are difficult to understand and implement. Also, there could be administrative barriers at school, college, university, and district and state levels. Multicultural environments pose barriers to learning and literacy as students seek companionship with the people of same background and language. Interactions among classmates who are from vastly diverse linguistic backgrounds are different from the students with mainly same ethnic or linguistic background. â€Å"Traditionally, some of the factors that restrict access to full literacy for language-minority students have included (a) xenophobic English-only movements (Donahue, 1995); (b) limited resources and personnel within ESL (August & Hakuta, 1997); (c) controversy about bilingual education (Faltis & Hudelson, 1998; Krashen, 1996); (d) differences about the durati on and type of language services children should receive (Collier, 1987); and (e) cultural and linguistic deficit models (Luke, 1986)† (Grant & Wong, 2003). Motivation of individuals for stirring the process of literacy and human development is considered one of the main barriers to learning. â€Å"For adult learners, however, learning is not usually an externally imposed, secondary role, but one that they freely choose. Adults learn to achieve both intrinsic (Bruner, 1966) and extrinsic rewards† (Dinmore, 1997).

Customer experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Customer experience - Essay Example When being given service, the customers will feel appreciated because the attendants will use etiquettes and respect the decision they make. In addition, the will feel appreciated by being given offers. Moreover, the customers will not be restricted. They will be allowed to see what is happening in the stores. This will make them feel important. Free services such as wifi will make the customers to spend even more time in the stores. The shop will show them various mobile phones and other technological gadgets. In addition, they will be informed of their distinct specifications. This will increase their level of confidence towards the products being offered. This is because they can be able to check whether the gadget being purchased meets the specific requirements. When solving a problem, the customers will feel engaged because they will be taken through the steps being used come into a conclusion. This will improve their confidence towards the shop. Once they purchase a product or even fail to purchase a product, they will feel important by being appreciated for taking their time to visit the shop. All these experience will play a significant role in increasing their confidence and changing their perception towards the shop. In addition, they will increase the customer loyalty towards the shop and products being sold

Intellectual Property Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intellectual Property Law - Research Paper Example Intellectual Property Law In Two Pesos, the trade dress in contention was the â€Å"look and feel† that Taco Cabana, a successful chain of Mexican restaurants, had established over the years and which was allegedly copied by Two Pesos, a Mexican restaurant chain owned by a person who once approached the owners of Taco Cabana offering to take the restaurant’s concept nationwide, but was rejected. The â€Å"look and feel† allegedly copied includes the 24-hour patio cafà © concept, building and other features architecture, open kitchens and menu boards, among others. Taco Cabana brought an action for trade dress infringement and was granted relief by the trial court, a decision upheld by the Court of Appeals. On appeal, the SC harmonize the requirements between registered and unregistered marks stating that the requirements for the registrability of trademarks are also the same requirements in determining whether unregistered marks are entitled to protection. More significantly, the SC ruled that acquisition of secondary meaning of a trade dress is not necessary in cases where the trade dress is inherently distinctive. Accordingly, the Court ruled that it is inappropriate to impose upon inherently distinctive trade dress the requirement of secondary meaning on the following grounds: there is no rationale for enforcing additional requirements on trade dress because protection for both trademark and trade dress under the Lanham Act serves the same purpose of preventing both unfair competition and fraudulence.; the provision on trade dress in the Lanham Act, viz. s 43(a), does not justify a departure from traditional and established trademark test, and; imposing upon a trade dress the additi onal requirement of secondary meaning even if the trade dress is found to be inherently distinctive is contrary to the underlying objective of the Lanham Law which is the protection of both consumers and trademark holders. In Qualitex, the trade dress in issue was the green-gold color, which was plaintiff Qualitex’s color of its dry cleaning pads, a product it had been selling for more than thirty years. The defendant company began manufacturing and selling dry cleaning pads with the same color as that of Qualitex, a move that prompted the latter to bring an action for unfair competition against Jacobson before the courts and subsequently added trademark infringement after it successfully registered its dry pad color with the Patent and Trademark Office during the pendency of the case. The trial court decided in favor of Qualitex; the Court of Appeal reversed that decision on the ground that color per se is not registrable as trademark. This decision was not upheld by the SC on the ground that trademark is a broad term that comprises anything capable of giving meaning, according to the s 1127 of the USC Code, such as color. Section 45 of the Lanham Act requires the elements of ability to identify and distinctiveness as to the source of goods as requirements to registrability. Although color is not inherently distinctive, the SC asserted that it could acquire secondary meaning from frequent use over a long period of time that such color could represent, in the public mind, the identity

Effects of Exercise on Muscular System

Effects of Exercise on Muscular System Smooth muscle tissue, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, can undergo hypertrophy the increase in the volume of tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. Smooth muscle fibres are usually involuntary i.e. not under conscious control, and they are nonstriated meaning smooth. In addition, certain smooth muscle fibres retain a capacity for division and can grow by a process known as hyperplasia, like those in the uterus of women. Cardiac Cardiac muscle tissue forms the bulk of the wall of the heart. Like skeletal muscle tissue, it is striated (the muscle fibers contain alternating light and dark bands (striations) that are perpendicular to the long axes of the fibers). Unlike skeletal muscle tissue, its contraction is usually not under conscious control (involuntary). Skeletal Skeletal muscle tissue is named for its location attached to bones. It is striated; that is, the fibers (cells) contain alternating light and dark bands (striations) that are perpendicular to the long axes of the fibers. Skeletal muscle tissue can be made to contract or relax by conscious control (voluntary). All skeletal muscle fibres are not alike in structure or function. For example, skeletal muscle fibres vary in colour depending on their content of myoglobin (myoglobin stores oxygen until needed by the mitochondria). Skeletal muscle fibres contract with different velocities, depending on their ability to split Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Faster contracting fibres have greater ability to split ATP. In addition, skeletal muscle fibres vary with respect to the metabolic processes they use to generate ATP. They also differ in terms of the onset of fatigue. Based on various structural and functional characteristics, skeletal muscle fibres are classified into three types: Type I fibres, Type II B fibres and type II A fibres The different types of muscle fibres types of sports each is associated with Type I Fibres These fibres, also called slow twitch or slow oxidative fibres, contain large amounts of myoglobin, many mitochondria and many blood capillaries. Type I fibres are red, split ATP at a slow rate, have a slow contraction velocity, very resistant to fatigue and have a high capacity to generate ATP by oxidative metabolic processes. Such fibres are found in large numbers in the postural muscles of the neck. A sporting example of this could be a prop forward involved in a scrum in rugby. Type II A Fibres These fibres, also called fast twitch or fast oxidative fibres, contain very large amounts of myoglobin, very many mitochondria and very many blood capillaries. Type II A fibres are red, have a very high capacity for generating ATP by oxidative metabolic processes, split ATP at a very rapid rate, have a fast contraction velocity and are resistant to fatigue. Such fibres are infrequently found in humans. A sporting example of this is a sprinter such as Usain Bolt or a hurdler such as Colin Jackson. Type II B Fibres These fibres, also called fast twitch or fast glycolytic fibres, contain a low content of myoglobin, relatively few mitochondria, relatively few blood capillaries and large amounts glycogen. Type II B fibres are white, geared to generate ATP by anaerobic metabolic processes, not able to supply skeletal muscle fibres continuously with sufficient ATP, fatigue easily, split ATP at a fast rate and have a fast contraction velocity. Such fibres are found in large numbers in the muscles of the arms. A sporting example could be an Olympic weightlifter. How muscles produce movement in antagonistic pairs and the role of fixators and synergists There are up to four functional groups of muscles acting on joints. 1. Agonist: actively contract to make a movement. Muscle length reduces. 2. Antagonist: resists the muscle on opposite side, thereby controls the speed of the agonist muscle contraction. Thats why they say both agonist and antagonist muscles are working in pairs. Furthermore when the movement is reversed the original agonist becomes the antagonist and the original antagonist becomes the agonist. 3. Stabilisers: some muscles will hold the joint area stable while other three types of muscles are making a movement. 4. Modifiers: some muscles can slightly change the direction of force exerted by agonists dynamically Different types of muscle contractions Muscle Contractions can be divided into: Isotonic All lifting exercises require isotonic contractions. This happens when the muscle shortens as it contracts. An example of isotonic contraction can be seen when we flex the bicep muscle. Stand with one arm straight and the palm of the hand facing up. Roughly measure the length from the start of the biceps muscle to the point where it meets the shoulder. Now curl the hand towards the shoulder, the biceps muscle shortens as it contracts. When you reach the end point take another rough measurement of the biceps again, it will be much shorter. Another example is the triceps muscle (opposite of biceps). Do the same experiments again this time measure the triceps and start at the curled position. The triceps shortens as the arm straightens. Other examples are lifting objects above the head front shoulder (anterior deltoid) shortens lifting object up from lying position chest muscle shortens lifting body up from squat position quadriceps muscle shortens as legs extend doing a sit up throwing a ball swinging a bat Eccentric Eccentric contraction is the opposite of isotonic; the muscle lengthens as it gains tension. These are much less common and not as beneficial as the common Isotonic. An example is when someone manages to pull your arm straight while at the same time you are try to keep the arm locked in one position. In other words, the load is too great! Other examples are running downhill walking downstairs landing on the ground from a jump Isometric An Isometric contraction occurs when there is tension on a muscle but no movement is made causing the length of the muscle to remain the same. This type of contraction is also referred to as a static contraction. Some bodybuilders make up their own exercises using Isometric contraction in order to develop strength; an example is when someone attempts to curl one arm upwards but is held by using equal resistance from the other arm. attempting to lift an immoveable object holding a weight at arms length some wrestling movements Isokinetic Similar to the isotonic contraction, the Isokinetic contraction causes the muscle to shorten as it gains tension. The difference is Isokinetic requires a constant speed over the entire range of motion, therefore this type of contraction require special equipment to exercise properly. An example is an arm stroke when swimming, the even resistance from the water offers a constant speed at maximal contractions. Sliding Filament Theory The sliding filament theory is the basic summary of the process of skeletal muscle contraction. Myosin moves along the filament by repeating a binding and releasing sequence that causes the thick filament to move over the thinner filament. This progresses in sequential stages. By progressing through this sequence the filaments slide and the skeletal muscles contract and release. First Stage: The first stage is when the impulse gets to the unit. The impulse travels along the axon and enters the muscle through the neuromuscular junction. This causes full two to regulate and calcium channels in the axon membrane to then open. Calcium ions come from extra cellular fluid and move into the axon terminal causing synaptic vessels to fuse with pre synaptic membranes. This causes the release of acetylcholine (a substance that works as a transmitter) within the synaptic cleft. As acetylcholine is released it defuses across the gap and attaches itself to the receptors along the sarcolemma and spreads along and across the muscle fibre. Second Stage: The second stage is for the impulse spreads along the sarcolemma. The action potential spreads quickly along the sarcolemma once it has been generated. This action continues to move deep inside the muscle fibre down to the T tubules and the action potential triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Third Stage: During the third stage calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and actin sites are activated. Calcium ions once released begin binding to Troponin. Tropomyosin blocking the binding of actin is what causes the chain of events that lead to muscle contraction. As calcium ions bind to the Troponin it changes shape which removes the blocking action of Tropomyosin (thin strands of protein that are wrapped around the actin filaments). Actin active sites are then exposed and allow myosin heads to attach to the site. Fourth Stage: The fourth stage then begins in which myosin heads attach to actin and form cross bridges, ATP is also broken down during this stage. Myosin binds at this point to the exposed binding sites and through the sliding filament mechanism the muscles contract. Fifth Stage: During the fifth stage the myosin head pulls the Actin filament and ADP and inorganic Phosphates are released. ATP binding allows the myosin to detach and ATP hydrolysis occurs during this time. This recharges the myosin head and then the series starts over again. Stage Six: Cross bridges detach while new ATP molecules are attaching to the myosin head while the myosin head is in the low-energy configuration. Cross bridge detachment occurs while new ATP attaches itself to the myosin head. New ATP attaches itself to the myosin head during this process. Stage Seven: During stage seven the ATP is broken down and used as energy for the other areas including new cross bridge formation. Then the final stage (stage 8) begins and a drop in stimulus causes the calcium concentrate and this decreases the muscle relaxation. Below is an example of how sliding filament theory works How the muscular system responds to exercise How muscles work Muscles fall in to two types: Voluntary and involuntary. Brain stimulation through a signal to voluntary muscles makes them work to do a task like pulling. There is no brain stimulation for involuntary muscles. When people exercise their voluntary muscles, they more efficiently they function. When functioning efficiently, it is easier for people to do their work. Muscles will function with greater efficiency and ease when they have regular exercise. This is known as the first lesson of exercise Muscular exercise and the affects of exercise on the muscles Inside the muscles nerves relay messages to and from the brain. Food is bought to the muscles by blood vessels which do the work that the brain has ordered. When muscles are exercised, they convert a substance known as glucose into energy. During exercise, heat is produced and carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product. Short term effects: When we begin to exercise the body has to respond to the change in activity level in order to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis). Here are the changes which must take place to the muscles so that the exercise can be performed: The higher rate of muscle contraction depletes energy stores and so stimulates a higher rate of energy metabolism. The bodys energy stores are slowly depleted Myoglobin releases its stored oxygen to use in aerobic respiration. O2 can now be diffused into the muscle from the capillaries more quickly due to the decreased O2 concentration in the muscle. Long term effects: Increased numbers of mitochondria (the cells powerhouse) means an increase in the rate of energy production. The muscles, bones and ligaments become stronger to cope with the additional stresses and impact put through them. with the additional stresses and impact put through them. The amount of myoglobin within skeletal muscle increases, which allows more Oxygen to be stored within the muscle, and transported to the mitochondria. Muscles are capable of storing a larger amount of glycogen for energy. Enzymes involved in energy production become more concentrated and efficient to aid the speed of metabolism. Benefits of exercise Muscles are working hard during exercise, which is good for them. The harder they are worked over time, the more they can do. Muscles must have the proper intake of food (in the shape of protein, complex carbohydrates and fats) along with sufficient water to achieve the maximum amount of work possible. Contraction of a muscle makes it a more efficient tool. Contraction with resistance aids the muscle growth and increases its capacity for future demands. Multiple contractions through exercise brings about the greatest efficiencies.

That Was Then This Is Now :: essays research papers

The 70’s life style was wild, free, and uncontrolled. Teenagers did whatever they wanted. They partied, stole things, sold drugs, and participated in gang fights. Today, teenagers are more disciplined and have more restrictions. Parents and police are aware of teenager’s lies and trick’s and their participation in unsafe activities. According to S.E.Hinton’s novel, That Was Then, This Is Now, the freedom teenagers have in today’s society is comparably less than the freedoms experienced by teenagers back then. The main characters in the novel, Mark and Bryon which is compared to experiences typical teenagers today encounter. With, all the responsibilities most parents had back then, it seemed like their children weren’t a priority. Most, parents allowed their children to leave the house to do what ever the teens wanted. Teenagers could walk freely with friends with no supervision. If teenagers were injured in fights parents wouldn’t bother to care. Parents back then didn’t realize the hazards and safety concerns of the outside world. Parents would allow their children to go with friends, making no restrictions on curfew, or the activity they were taking part in. Parents were also caught up in the more important things in their life for example working long hours to put food on the table and provide shelter and clothes for their family members. In the novel Bryon realized and stated â€Å"Mom never worried about Mark and me,† Pg 105. Today, parents are more aware of the dangers that can affect their children because of information from T.V news reports and media. Parents also f ear for the safety of their children and if they are getting involved with the wrong friends so they have constant surveillance. ie. Cell phones â€Å"firefly,† and Internet Chat. The surveillance of police in the past 40 years has drastically increased. Police were unaware of the effects teenagers could have on society. Policed believed that teenagers were still kids and couldn’t cause a lot of trouble. The novel proves that police didn’t worry about patrolling or searching for trouble that may involve teenagers because Bryon said â€Å"The police didn’t know about the hippie house, it was safe,† Pg 121. Cops or police didn’t worry or think that teenager’s would do awful things to affect others or themselves. Police had less surveillance over gangs and criminals. At present, police are always patrolling the malls, streets, and schools searching for gangs and violent or drug related situations.

Boy Soldiers in the First World War

A. Plan of Investigation The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate how allowing underage soldiers to fight affected Kitchener’s Army during the First World War. To examine this, the investigation will focus on the increase of soldiers in Britain’s army, and out of those, how many were under the required recruitment age of 18. Also, the increase in casualties that occurred due to inexperienced, underage soldiers will be assessed. Lastly, the social issues that arose due to young boys being allowed on the Western Front will be examined.The investigation will be conducted using a variety of sources, the main source being Boy Soldiers of the Great War by Richard Van Emden, which will be evaluated for it’s origins, purposes, values and limitations. B. Summary of Evidence Increased Enlistment Rates in Kitchener’s Army ?During August of 1914, Britain’s Army had approximately 750,000 men ? Lord Kitchener (Field-Marshall) needed at least another 500,0 00 soldiers to fight in the war. In August 1914, Lord Kitchener started an intense recruitment campaign that used many propaganda posters saying things like â€Å"Your Country Needs You† and â€Å"A Call To Arms† which encouraged many men and youths to enlist. ?By September 1914, over 500,000 men had enlisted to Britain’s Army ? It is approximated that a quarter of those soldiers were under the required recruitment age of eighteen. ?These boys enlisted for many reasons: to fulfill their own patriotism, to join friends who were also enlisting, or to even get away from their own parents. By the end of the war, more than a quarter of a million boy soldiers fought for Britain in World War One. Increased Casualties Due to Inexperienced Underage Soldiers ?Many soldiers would become emotionally and physically unstable when facing the horrors of war, and experience â€Å"shell shock†. ?Especially in underage boys who were not used to witnessing death, soldiers wo uld panic and act hysterically ? Many soldiers who suffered from shell shock would run from the trenches, and be executed for desertion or cowardice. ?Over 300British soldiers were court-martialed and executed by fellow British soldiers ? Young (and old) soldiers resorted to suicide in the trenches, due to shell shock, however the exact number of suicides is not known because it is too hard to track ? Training for all soldiers was a short period of time before heading off to the front lines, and for soldiers under age eighteen, no amount of training could prepare them mentally of physically for trench warfare ? Because of their lack of training, young soldiers were usually not the best soldiers and would be killed easilyIncrease of Social Concern ?Many boy soldiers joined the army without telling their parents, so mothers and fathers were very worried, and wanted their sons to be sent back home ? Sir Arthur Markham (Liberal MP for Mansfield) was known for fighting throughout the dur ation of World War One, to get the underage soldiers sent back home to their families ? Not only were the parents of the young boys concerned, but people in general were hearing gruesome stories of war, and were upset that boys as young as fourteen were involved D. AnalysisDuring World War One, over 8 million brave soldiers fought for Britain, all of them at various ages and stages of their lives. During Lord Kitchener’s recruitment campaign in 1914 , thousands of soldiers enlisted for a variety of reasons. Out of these soldiers, more than 250,000 of them were under the age of eighteen . Boy soldiers that had been allowed to enlist affected Kitchener’s Army because of increased recruitment rates, a rise in casualties due to inexperienced, underage soldiers, and a growing social concern about these young boys.By August 1914, Britain’s Army was in desperate need of more men to fight against the Germans . Throughout the same month, the field-marshall at that time, Lord Kitchener, launched a forceful campaign to recruit soldiers by using propaganda posters with phrases like â€Å"Your Country Needs You† and â€Å"A Call To Arms†. This campaign was extremely successful and by September of 1914 the recruitment rates of the army increased significantly. Not only had hundreds of thousands of men enlisted, but boys had been allowed to join as well.These young boys chose to lie about their age and enlist for a variety of reasons: their own sense of patriotism, wanting to follow friends/family into war, pressure from their own cities and towns, and even wanting to get away from austere parents . At this point of World War One, expanding Britain’s Army was the primary goal, not necessarily recruiting the ‘right’ type of soldier. Although these underage men were beneficial to Lord Kitchener’s Army by augmenting the number of combatants, these boys were still extremely young, and had not fathomed the horrors of w ar.After soldiers had officially joined, all men and boys were subject to an exceedingly short period of time dedicated to training , after which they would immediately be sent to the front lines. For soldiers that were as young as 14 years old, no amount of training could prepare them physically or mentally for trench warfare. As a result of this, there was an increase in casualties within Kitchener’s Army because boy soldiers were usually not the best fighters, and would be killed easily. Also, many youths were not used to witnessing death and would experience â€Å"shell shock† in the trenches .One young boy described his experiences in the trenches , saying, â€Å"It was hell, absolute hell. † By not taking the time to verify a soldier’s age, and not allowing for a more extensive training period, Lord Kitchener unknowingly sent these young soldiers to their deaths, deaths that could have been prevented. â€Å"We were doing things we knew nothing abou t. † stated on sixteen-year-old. This â€Å"hell† earlier described would cause soldiers to panic, act hysterically, run from the trenches, or even commit suicide.These unfortunate injuries and deaths demonstrated how Lord Kitchener seemed to favour quantity over quality, which, in a military sense, is a poor idea. These unnecessary casualties affected Kitchener’s Army, not only in a numerical way, but it also produced a great social concern, which, in turn, affected the British Army. Seeing as the required recruitment age was eighteen, a majority of the boy soldiers joined Kitchener’s Army without telling their parents, causing much worry amongst the families of these young boys. The British people’s view on the government and the British Army changed and thought that by allowing nderage boys into the army, â€Å"[Families] have been tricked, deceived, and lied to, in the most scandalous and un-English fashion. † This worry then turned into anger, and families started fighting to get their sons off of the Western Front and back home. This presented a serious issue to the British Army because, according to the enlistment laws, allowing underage soldier’s into the army was against the law, and they had not only numerous upset families writing them letters regarding their sons, but several politicians had started a campaign to bring the young boys home.One of the most well known political leaders of this campaign was liberal MP Sir Arthur Markham who continually questioned Lord Kitchener and the Under Secretary of War what they were going to about these underage boys in the trenches, and insisted that â€Å"no system of enlistment can be satisfactory which allows boys like that to be taken. † By allowing these immature boys to enter into World War One, Kitchener’s Army lost support from his own country, as the general public would not tolerate sending innocent boys into such a harsh environment.

Citizen Kane

Citizen Kane is considered a great American movie. It is from 1940, but people could not view it without controversy till 1950. It is typical of American films because it is in English, and its production refers to American culture. The film industry of the 1930s thrived on a felicitous circle of economic dependence on attendance, exhibition, and production. (226). The movie is pointed at William Randolph Hearst and the printing industry. When Hearst learned through gossip of Orson Welles' film, he set out to protect his reputation by shutting the film down. Hollywood executives rallied around Hearst, attempting to buy the film in order to burn the negative. At the same time, Hearst's defenders moved to intimidate exhibitors into refusing to show the movie. Threats of blackmail, smears in the newspapers, and FBI investigations were used in the effort. Hearst's movement was successful. It would be nearly a quarter of a century before Citizen Kane was revitalized - before Wel!les would gain acknowledgment for having created one of cinema's great masterpieces.Arthur Knight said, "Less by imitation than by inspiration, Citizen Kane has altered the look not only of American films, but of films the world over." Formulas for story construction, characterization, casting, dcor, music, and photography dominated Hollywoods films. A key principle in the selection of story material was- and remains-simply that an idea that had worked before would probably work again. (228). Films were not seen special, individual conceptions but tended to bunch together as types, in cycles. Citizen Kane broke that tradition. The unique techniques, structure, and parallelism in plot change the way movies have been made in previous times. It was confusing and shocking to its audience. Every aspect of the production marked an advance in film language: the deep-focus, deeply shadowed cinematography; the discontinuous ...

Research Paper on Anne Frank

Research Paper on Anne Frank The struggles that a person pursues makes for a strong character. A unique perspective of a young girls struggles is chronicled in Anne Franks: The Diary of a Young Girl. It is a compelling example of a young Jewish girl maturing rapidly in the two years between the ages of 13 and 15 while hiding from the Nazis during World War II. These are the two years in which change is so swift and difficult for every young girl. Her numbness to the atrocities of war, her despair at her own situation and her hope and belief in the human spirit in the face of the horrors of war and Nazi persecution make Anne Franks character stronger. Anne develops and shows an apparent numbness to the accounts of atrocities committed by the Nazis. She relates a news account of what happens to Nazi resistors in a matter-of-fact manner. Anne writes, Have you ever heard the term Ð ¡hostages? Leading citizens innocent people are taken prisoner to await their execution. If the Gestapo cant find the saboteur, they simply grab five hostages and line them up against the wall. You read the announcements in the paper of their deaths being Fatal accidents. (October 9, 1942). The manner in which Anne relates this account shows a kind of acceptance of what is happening. It does not seem to horrify her or outrage her. Living in the Annexe has had a soothing effect on Anne. She retreats to her world and sees the war outside the Annexe as distant. In her diary Anne writes, And every night hundreds of planes fly over Holland and go to German towns, where the earth is ploughed up by their bombs. It is quiet and safe here wait as calmly as we can till the misery comes to an end. (June 13, 1943). This entry shows Annes acceptance of the situation she is in. She sees and hears about what is happening to the Jews but feels separated, unaffected by it. She has become insulated in the Annexe, separated from the war. As time passes, Anne becomes used to the sights and sounds of war. Anne writes, Before a quarter of an hour had passed the shooting started up again. Mrs. Van Daan sat bolt upright at once and then went downstairs to Mr. Dussels room, seeking there the rest which she could not find with her spouse. Dussel received her with the words come into my bed, my child! which sent us off into uncontrollable laughter. The gunfire bothered us no longer, our fear was banished. (May 18, 1943). This shows Annes acceptance of the sounds of war. Unable to do anything about it, unable to escape it, it becomes a part of daily life. Although Anne tries to see something positive in most situations and remain optimistic, she at times falls into great depths of despair and she becomes angry or deeply saddened. On the subject of her heritage, after hearing how the Germans are treating the Jewish population of Germany through BBC broadcasts, Anne becomes very angry and hurt because she too is German. She writes, Fine specimens of humanity, those Germans, and to think that Im actually one of them! (October 9, 1942). The indignation in Annes writing is evident. She is angry with those Germans who started and supported this war. Her despair is brought on by the betrayal she feels at the hands of her own countrymen. Anne is frustrated at not being in control of the situation she finds herself in. Her despair is heightened by the fact she feels helpless to do anything. Anne writes, Ive reached the point where I hardly care whether I live or die. The world will keep on turning without me, and I cant do anything to change events anyway. Ill just let matters take their course (February 3, 1944). This shows that Anne feels that she cannot affect any change to what is going on around her. Her feelings of helplessness and resolve to accept whatever will happen show her despair. When news that there does not seem to be a quick end to the war, Annes despair over her life and her situation come to the forefront, even though she tries to be courageous and not show it in front of the others. In her diary Anne writes, but the minute I was alone I knew I was going to cry my eyes out. I slid to the floor in my nightgown and began by saying my prayers, very fervently. Then I drew my knees to my chest, lay my head on my arms and cried, huddles up on the bare floor. A loud sob brought me back down to earth (April 5, 1944). This shows Annes struggles with her emotions. She feels frustrated and angry and helpless, yet she puts on a brave face in front of the others and lets her feelings come out only when she is alone. Throughout her time hiding in the Annexe, Anne never lets go of her belief in the strength of the human spirit. Anne believes that there is good in everyone. She writes Its really a wonder that I havent dropped all my ideals, because they seem so absurd and impossible to carry out. Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart. (July 15, 1944). Faith in the goodness of the person and the spirit has not been lost. Anne still believes that people are good at the core even though sometimes they act oppositely. Anne holds out hope that people will do the right thing when she hears news of an attempt on Hitlers life. She writes, Now I am getting really hopeful, now things are going well at last. Yes, really, theyre going well! Super news! An attempt has been made on Hitlers life and not even by Jewish communists or English capitalists this time, but by a proud German general and it certainly shows that there are lots of officers and generals who are sick of the war and would like to see Hitler descend into a bottomless pit. ( July 21, 1944). This reinforces Annes belief that people are good deep down, and want to do what is right. Anne has hope for the future. She writes, It is utterly impossible for me to build my life on a foundation of chaos, suffering and death I somehow feel that everything will change for the better, that this cruelty too shall end, that peace and tranquility will return once more. (July 15, 1944). Despite all, Anne sees and feels that things will change. She truly believes that there is hope for a better future.

St. Padre Pio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

St. Padre Pio - Research Paper Example When Padre Pio reached the age of 15, he was admitted into the Capuchin Order and took the name of Pio, celebrating Saint Pius. While Pio was recognized to be a pious and highly spiritual being, he had frequent trouble continuing his studies because of his suffering health. Doctors were unable to properly diagnose the illness, yet Pio was often suffering from prolonged periods of ill health and a fear of a premature death. He was given the title of priest in the year 1910, but was made to stay at home to either improve upon his health or go to his deathbed. He then returned to the friary to begin his charitable works and his spiritual mission (Ruffin, pg 16-19). On an occasion when Pio was lost in prayer in front of the crucifix, he was blessed with a vision. Pio claimed that an unknown person had appeared in front of his eyes and the person’s hands, feet, and the sides of his body were all pouring blood. As soon as the image vanished, Pio noticed that his own hands, feet, and the side of his body were pouring blood. This was known as Pio’s visible Stigmata, which was the cause for his initial popularity amongst the Christian community and the reason that people began to come to the Saint for cures to their problems and illnesses. Pio bore the marks of the Stigmata for 50 years of his life. The Stigmata represents the wounds and bearings of Christ upon crucifixion and are a Holy mark and symbol of suffering, which was also borne by St. Francis before Pio. The blood pouring from the wounds was said to have an odor like perfume and flowers which is also known as the â€Å"odor of sanctity†. Pio’s wounds only closed a few hours before his death (Thomas, pg 43-45). During his life, Pio was said to have suffered from multiple illnesses and was constantly suffering from ill health. Amongst some of the illnesses he suffered was typhoid fever, constant vomiting, loss of sleep, and migraine attacks.

Houston Baptist University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Houston Baptist University - Essay Example The concept of organizational development is informed by the awareness of the impact of macro-economic forces on the performance, stability, and sustainability of the organization’s core processes (Anderson, 2012). The phenomena of globalization and the liberalization of the market economies have increased the necessity of organizations to undertake measures necessary to shield their internal systems and core processes from the disruptive nature of unregulated markets and adverse global economic forces. Organizational development is controlled by a range of factors that include the changing of the structures of the organization and the adoption of applications that effectively shield the organization from the negative consequences of the external environment (Kondalkar, 2009). In essence, it is possible to understand organizational development from the perspective of strategy and planning. The awareness of external threats requires the engaging of multiple strategies that minimize the impact of such forces on the stability and performance of the organization. Comparative analyses have shown that firms that embrace the concept of organizational development are more resilient in the wake of external challenges as compared to those that are less focused on the same (Kondalkar, 2009). Changes in technology have made it necessary for corporations and businesses to adopt policies of organizational development in order for them to prevail against the various forms of pressure and challenges emanating from the fluid nature of the markets. Executives use organizational development as a tool for harnessing the synergies within the work force and for establishing suitable environments for nurturing positive corporate values (Cheung-Judge & Holbeche, 2011). Usually, the approaches used in organizational development are consistent with various theories of organizational improvement such as total quality management.